From December 23, 2021, to August 18, 2024, a multicenter clinical trial was conducted across seven Chinese institutions: Beijing You'an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, and four additional centers. A total of 180 patients were enrolled, with the experimental group receiving irreversible electroporation ablation and the control group undergoing radiofrequency ablation.

Inclusion Criteria： Age 18 to 80 years (both sexes);Solitary tumor ≤4 cm in diameter;OR multiple tumors (≤3 lesions) with maximum diameter ≤3 cm;Life expectancy >6 months.

RESULTS：At 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, the lower limits of the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference in ablation success rates between the experimental and control groups exceeded the prespecified non-inferiority margin. Thus, the Compound Steep Pulse Therapy technique provided safe and clinically effective treatment for hepatic malignancies in this study.

Pre-ablation
Post-ablation